Notes

Matches 3,101 to 3,150 of 3,765

#	Notes	Linked to
3101	Ruled France 1422 to 1461. Had two other daughters (infant deaths?).	VALOIS, Charles VII "The Victorious" (I7207)
3102	Ruler of France.	ELDER, Pepin I The (I7849)
3103	Rupert Alexander George Augustus. He was a haemophiliac who died after his injuries in a motoring accident. Died before Father, unmarried and without issue. {Burke's Peerage}	CAMBRIDGE, Rupert Alexander George A. (I7315)
3104	Russell Milliner is known to have had children. How many or of what sex is not known.	MILLINER, _______ (I1071)
3105	Said (by Doreen Graham) to have died aged 6 - FreeBMD lists a death aged 3.	GRAHAM, Margaret (I873)
3106	Said (by Sheila RUTTER) to have been a Governess, but this doesn't fit well with the fact that she signed her daughter's birth registration with a cross rather than a signature.	COOK, Mary (I669)
3107	Said by one researcher (without quoting sources) to have been of the family of Joanna & Thomas, but appears to have been born before their marriage. Numerous Tisbury baptisms noted. Possibly the same JT m. Elizabeth HAYWARD at Netheravon 16/2/1784 (no burial there of Eliz. before 1794)	TURNER, John (I12263)
3108	Said to be aged 30 years and more in 1597 [IPM].	GODFREY, Cornelius (I17994)
3109	Said to have been the sister of Josie Collins, music hall star, but no evidence found to support this claim.	MITCHELL, Ann Eliza H (I578)
3110	Said to have emigrated to Colorado [Harold GADD]	MILLINER, George (I82)
3111	Said to have returned to Burra from mainland Scotland, pregnant. Queen Victoria is said subsequently to have visited the Christies in Burra - John claimed to have royal blood and this is why he was allowed to marry Philadelphia Scott. Exactly what the Royal connection is is anybody's guess, but we have speculated that John's father may have been William Augustus Hanover, Duke of Cumberland and son of George II, responsible for the defeat of Bonnie Prince Charlie at Culloden in 1745.	CHRISTIE, Barbara (I2598)
3112	Samuel GADD otp Loxton.	Family: Samuel GADD / Elizabeth COLLINS (F7420)
3113	Samuel is not named as the father on his birth certificate. At his marriage, he said his father was Albert.	PIMBLE, William John (I14597)
3114	Samuel listed as widower.	Source (S319)
3115	Sang a little as a contralto, and played violin. Learnt to play violin as a girl, and brought two decrepit violins when she married. Supposedly bore resemblance to her mother, Alice.	HARTSHORNE, Flora Jessie (I9)
3116	Sang at Glyndebourne and regularly with Richard Tauber. Gave up singing to have her family.	FARRAGE, Marjorie "Ingrid Hageman" (I567)
3117	Sarah Ethel Young was engaged to marry Alec Yule, a Vancouver fire man who worked at Number 4 Station with Arthur Gosse (who married Ethel's sister Mary Young). Yule was killed in the First World War, at Contalma isson France on Septmber 10, 1916, during the Battle of the Somme.	YOUNG, Sarah Ethel (I10204)
3118	Sarah Mary Pringle, daughter to Lieut, and Adjutant John Pringle, and his spouse, Mary Hope, was born at Bergen op Zoom, the 6*^ of July 1777, and baptized the W^ of said month, by the Rev^ Mr. Alex' Pitcarne, chaplain to Coll. Dundas' Regiment, in pre- sence of Major Halkett, Capt. Scott, and Doctor Macdougald as witnesses.	PRINGLE, Sarah Mary (I21624)
3119	Sarah was Abraham's half-sister.	Sarah (I9076)
3120	Scots Peerage seems doubtful of her parentage, though she is said to have been the daughter of James, 1st Earl of Morton. The Douglas Book fails to mention her among his children.	DOUGLAS, Janet (I11463)
3121	SCOTT or SCOT, Sir JOHN (1585-1670), of Scotstarvet, or more properly Scotstarver, Scottish lawyer and statesman, was the only son of Robert Scot the younger of Knight-Spottie in Perthshire, representative in the male line of the Scots of Buccleugh. Robert Scot succeeded to the office of director of chancery on the resignation of his father, Robert Scot the elder of Knights-Spottie, but, falling into bad health, resigned the office in 1582 in favour of his father, its former holder. Robert Scot the elder in 1592 again resigned the office to a kinsman, William Scot of Ardross, on condition that his grandson, John Scot, the subject of this article, should succeed to it on attaining majority, which he did in 1606. The directorship of chancery, which had been long in the Scot family, was an office of importance and emolument; for though the Scottish chancery did not become, as in England, a separate court, it framed and issued crown characters, brieves, and other crown writs. The possession, loss, and efforts to regain this office played a large part in the career of Sir John. He was educated at St. Leonard's College, St. Andrews, which he appears to have entered in 1600, for he describes himself in the register of 1603 as in his third year. After leaving St. Andrews he went abroad to study, and on his return was called to the bar in 1606. In 1611 he acquired Tarvet and other lands in Fife, to which he gave the name of Scotstarvet, and six years later he was knighted and made a privy councillor by James VI, in whose honour he published a Latin poem, 'Hodoeporicon in serenissimi et invictissimi Principis Jacobi Sexti ex Scotia sua discessum.' In 1619 he had a license to go for a year to Flanders and other parts (P. C. Reg. xii. 787). In 1620 he endowed the professorship of humanity or Latin in the university of St. Andrews, in spite of the opposition of the regents of St. Salvator, the first of many acts of liberality to learning. He did not practise much, if at all, at the bar, but recommended himself to Charles I by a suggestion for increasing the revenue by altering the law of feudal tenure. He became in 1629 an extraordinary, and in 1632 an ordinary, lord of session under the title of Scotstarvet. He was one of many Scottish lawyers and lairds who accepted the covenant, which he subscribed at his parish kirk of Ceres on 30 April 1638, and in the following November he declined to sign the king's confession. In 1640 he served on the committee of the estates for the defence of the country. In 1641 he was, with consent of the estates, reappointed judge by a new commission. During the war between England and Scotland he served on the war committee in 1648 and 1649. During the Commonwealth he lost the office both of judge and director of chancery. He made many appeals to be restored to the latter as an administrative, and not a judicial, office; but, although he obtained an opinion in his favour by the commissioners of the great seal, Cromwell gave it in 1652 to Jeffrey the quaker, who held it till the Restoration. Scot, through Monck, again appealed to Cromwell for the reversion of the office if Jeffrey died. Cromwell fined him 1,500l in 1654 for his part in the war. But his later correspondence with Cromwell did not improve is character with the royalists, and on the Restoration he was fined 500l, and was not restored to the office of judge or that of director of chancery, which was conferred on Sir William Ker, who, he indignantly said, 'danced him out of it, being a dextrous dancer.' Sir James Balfour well describes Scot's public character in a few words: 'He was a busy man in troubled times.' But in spite of his misfortunes, Scot did not cease to be busy when peace came. He returned to Scotstarvet, where he engaged in literary work and correspondence. There he died in 1670. Scot was thrice married: first, to Anne, sister of William Drummond [q. v.] of Hawthornden, the poet, by whom he had two sons and seven daughters; secondly, to Margaret, daughter of Sir James Melville of Hallhill, and thirdly, to Margaret Monpenny of Pitmilly, widow of Rigg of Aitherny, by each of whom he had one son. The son by his second wife, George Scott (d. 1685), is separately noticed. Sir John's male descendants became extinct in the person of Major-general John Scot, M.P. for Fife, his great-great-grandson, who, at his death on 24 Jan. 1776, was reputed the richest commoner in Scotland. The general's fortune passed chiefly to his eldest daughter, who married the Duke of Portland, but the estate of Scotstarvet was sold to Wemyss of Wemyss Hall. Its tower, which Sir John built, still stands, and the inscription, with his initials and those of his first wife, Anne Drummond, as the builders, and its date (1627) are carved on a stone over the door. [NOTE: Information on display (1997) at the tower indicates that John Scot bought the tower from the Inglis family and didn't build it himself. A stone fireplace from the tower was removed to the adjacent Hill of Tarvet House (1905) which stands on the site of Wemyss Hall] Scot consoled himself for his disappointment in losing office by composing 'The Staggering State of Scottish Statesman between 1550 and 1650.' In it he endeavoured to show the mean arts and hapless fate of all those who secured offices, but it was not published until a hundred years after his death (Edinburgh, 1754, 8vo), so can only have been a private solace to himself and a few friends for whom manuscript copies were made. A more honourable resource was the public spirit which led him to devote the most of his time and a large part of his fortune to the advancement of learning and the credit of his country in the republic of letters. The tower of Scotstarvet became a kind of college, where he attracted round him the learned Scotsmen of the time, and corresponded with the scholars of Holland, Caspar Barlisus, Isaac Gruterus, and others. In it his brother-in-law Drummond composed his 'History of the Jameses' and the macaronic comic poem 'Polemo-Middinia,' which had its occasion in a dispute of long standing as to a right of way between the tenants of Scotstarvet and of Barns, the estate of Sir Alexander Cunningham, whose sister was Drummond's betrothed. His intimacy with John Blaeu of Amsterdam led to the inclusion of a Scottish volume in the series of' ''Delitiie Poetarum' then being issued by that enterprising publisher. The Scottish volume, edited by Arthur Johnston [q. v.], and printed at the sole cost of Sir John Scot in two closely printed duodecimo volumes, has preserved the last fruits of Scottish latinity. A more important work was the publication of detailed maps of Scotland in the great atlas of Blaeu. Scot interested himself in the survey of Scotland begun in 1608 by Timothy Pont [q. v.] Pont's drawings, after his death about 1614, were purchased by the crown. Scot caused them to be revised by Sir Robert Gordon of Straloch and his son, James Gordon, parson of Rothiemay, and then went in 1645 to Amsterdam to superintend their publication, dictating from memory, to the astonishment of the publisher, the description of several districts. The work was not issued till 1654, when it appeared as 'Geographise Blaeuaniei volumen quintum,' with dedicatory epistles to Scot both by Blaeu and Gordon of Straloch. Other examples of Scot's liberal and judicious public spirit were the establishment of the St. Andrews professorship of Latin and his endowment of a charity for apprenticing poor boys from Glasgow at the estate of Peskie, a farm of 104 acres, near St. Andrews. [The Staggering State of Scots Statesman; Sir John Scot's Manuscript Letters in Advocates' Library; Register of Privy Council of Scotland, vol. xii. pp. cx, 716-18; Preface to Diletitiae Poetarum Scotorum, and Bleau's Atlas of Scotland; Balfour's Annals; Baillie's Letters; Brunton and Haig's Senators of College of Justice; Memoir of Sir John Scot by Rev. C. Rogers ; Preface to reprint of The Staggering State, Edinburgh, 1872.] {Dictionary of National Biography.} MARCH 21, 1997	SCOTT, John of Scotstarvet, Kt. (I2418)
3122	Scottish law did not require parental consent to marriage, and Hardwicke's Marriage Act of 1753 applied only to England and Wales, not to Scotland, so during the eighteenth century an ever increasing number of couples married outside of their parish church, and without having the banns called. [www.encyclopedia.com]	Family: Alexander DONALDSON / Catherine COWPER (F6625)
3123	Seaman's ticket	Source (S86)
3124	Seaman's ticket no. 469,862 Born at Langtoft in the County of Yorkshire 15th January 1834. Capacity: apprentice Height: 4'10" Hair: Dark Brown Complexion: Swarthy Eyes: Light Hazel Marks: None First went to sea as apprentice in 1850. When unemployed resides at Scarborough. Issues at Scarborough 25th March 1850.	DAGGET, John (I685)
3125	Searched for marriage to John Blackwood 1837-1846 - thinking she was perhaps a Thompson, but without finding any marriage record.	_______, Hannah (I13649)
3126	Searched GRO registers 5/1853-1861 without success. No corresponding wife entries for William COOPER entries.	Source (S343)
3127	Second daughter of Charles VI.	VALOIS, Isabelle (I6719)
3128	Second lieutenant, 3rd battalion, Worcester Regiment.	HEMUS, Donald George (I18719)
3129	Second President (1797-1801) and first Vice-President (1789-97) of the United States, and leader in the movement for independence. His presidency was marked by rivalry with Alexander Hamilton; controversy over government measures taken to curb political opposition, and a crisis in relations with France.	ADAMS, John (I7781)
3130	Second wife born 1746.	Source (S208)
3131	Secretary of the Colony and Acting Governor of Virginia (1638-39)	READE, George (I7808)
3132	Section BBB, Grave No. 2381	MILLINER, Martha "Hannah" (I85)
3133	See Dictionary of National Biography	DRUMMOND, William of Hawthornden (I11736)
3134	See Dictionary of National Biography. Wrote "The Model of Government of the Province of East New Jersey, in America" publ. 1685.	SCOTT, George of Pitlochie, Fife (I11741)
3135	See Essex CRO D/DBs M6 for Tolleshunt Manor Court draft minute books 1737-98	BAKER, William (I2688)
3136	See General Register Office records of death: 5c. 418.	MILLS, Susanna Caroline (I10020)
3137	See messages.	Source (S60)
3138	See National Archives ADM 188/362	SKRINE, George (I17801)
3139	See Records of the Admiralty, Naval Forces, Royal Marines, Coastguard, and related bodies, ref ADM 188/969	SKRINE, William Percy Baden (I17794)
3140	See service record at PRO in AIR 79/120.	SKRINE, Henry Josiah (I406)
3141	See sister with same name born 1899.	CHRISTIE, Phyllis Margaret (I5226)
3142	Seems from Will to have died when his children were still young. Executor was Joseph Baker, Miller of Kelvedon.	BAKER, John (I3287)
3143	Seems not to have married the father(s) of her children. She is listed as unmarried in 1851, and is the only parent listed at the christening of each of her children.	HARTSHORNE, Sarah (I3389)
3144	Seems to have married as soon as divorce from Ruby was finalised.	Family: Ernest Jeffrey BAKER, alias Tom\Ernie / Helen "Nell" SMITH (F114)
3145	Selby Railway Engine Works was built in 1841 on Ousegate, close to Selby Abbey. The Hull and Selby Railway was leased to George Hudson's York and North Midland Railway from 1 July 1845.	RUTTER, William (I537)
3146	Self	Source (S141)
3147	Self & newspaper notice	Source (S315)
3148	Senior medieval Mallory family line (12th to mid-16th centuries) Posted by: Hikaru Kitabayashi (ID ****6860) Date: December 01, 2007 at 16:44:20 of 3047 My basic list of heads of Mallory lineages differs very little from what I interpret as P.J.C. Field's modifications of S.V. Mallory Smith's earlier published work. Where I might have something to add is in the frills that make it more in the nature of a gentry history of medieval England rather than a more narrowly focused genealogical work. I have uncovered more names of spouses, children, closely allied families, property transfers, court cases, etc. and have been able to create a tentative chronology of the various heads of households covering roughly a five hundred year period. Even though it is being constantly fine-tuned and subject to change, this chronology could be useful later in helping place people in different lineages, should more Mallory DNA variations appear than hitherto, a matter which, from my own experience with other DNA projects, is highly likely as project numbers increase. I would first like to deal with the Mallorys of Kirkby Mallory as this is the senior branch of the Mallory family and whose heads of household I will deal with generation by generation. Generation-1: The first of this line is Anschetil who, considering medieval Mallory mating habits and average generation length lengths, would have been born around 1075. He could, of course, have been born much earlier, but he is unlikely to have been born early enough to have come over with William I on the conquest, though he was certainly Norman French in origin. The likely original Norman French pronunciation of Anschetil was "Ahn-skeh-teel", a pronunciation which did not survive long the move to England where the middle "s" was soon dropped. However, exotic as it might appear to someone now, Anketil was a quite common medieval name for men in England. I thought this would be pretty much a Mallory thing and its very rarity could help identify individuals connected with the Mallorys. Its very commonness makes it useless as a tool for analysis. In my research, I find it constantly popping up in the least expected places throughout the 12th to the 15th centuries, even as a family name. In the 15th century it stops appearing, but doesn't disappear, as it now rather frequently begins to appear quite often in what was formerly a name unused in England, Anthony, having been gradually hyper-corrected with a knowledge of Latin and French, first from Anketil to an intermediary Anketin to a final Anthony. As for Anschetil's family name, throughout the medieval period right up to the very end of the 16th century, the most common way to spell Mallory was Mallore. The pronunciation, however, was meant to be tri-syllabic, exactly the same as the modern pronunciation for Mallory, though probably slightly flatter as it would be if pronounced by a native speaker of French today. This, too, was not a strictly Mallory thing. I have noticed the same phenomenon in the names of other medieval families such as Burle for what later became Burley, etc. Of course, many other spellings for Mallory exist. I could easily generate 20 different spellings, all of which I have seen used at one time or the other in medieval texts. Two spellings, though, deserve special notice. One is Maleore, a spelling which I have only found in texts having their origin in Yorkshire and the other Molore which I have only found in Leicestershire. I?m not sure if a geographic bias to spelling could be demonstrated for these or other spelling variations, but, if it could, that, too, might become a possible future tool for analysis. Whether Anschetil ever possessed Kirkby Mallory or not is unknown. My assumption, though, is that he shared fully in his descendants exceptionally frequent propensity to marry heiresses and to hive off estates coming as a result of such marriages to younger sons. The chances are that he married the heiress to Kirkby Mallory, and that it was through this presumed heiress that Kirkby Mallory became the first Mallory lordship in England, the one that identified its possessor as the feudal overlord of all other Mallory branches. Generation-2: Robert would have been born roughly around 1100. Though it cannot be proven directly, I am fairly sure this Robert married the heiress which brought the family their Tachebrook Mallory and Walton on the Wolds properties in Leicestershire. He, too, probably followed the impossible-to-document family tradition of always marrying an heiress and using such lands to later set up a younger son as the head of a new branch family. In fact, compared with other gentry families, Mallory heads of households proved to be, generation after generation, unusually generous with their younger sons, though to prevent property from being alienated out of family hands should there be a failure in producing heirs, they were also careful to keep the reversion of such estates firmly tied to the senior line. Robert?s wife may have been a Turville or closely related to the Turvilles, as this family at times claimed feudal superiors of the Mallorys with regard to properties at Walton on the Wolds and continued, themselves, to hold certain lands there. It is also possible that this presumed heiress who married Robert Mallory was perhaps a granddaughter or great granddaughter of Ralph Carnot (Carnot being interpreted as an attempt at trying to express ?of Chartes? in the medieval Latin of the Doomsday Book), someone who possessed Tachebrook Mallory and quite a few other Leicestershire properties as a subtenant when the Doomsday Book survey was taken in 1086 and, by my calculations, would have been more than old enough to have participated in the invasion of England by William the Conqueror. Here, as elsewhere, I am basing my estimate of average generation length on a roughly calculated average that came out to be around 25 years for medieval English Mallorys, though for some Mallory branches it sometimes goes a bit lower and in others it tends to get a bit higher. Average generation length, incidentally, is something which I have found to be different according families. For instance, with my own male line ancestral line (the Cottons of Cotton Edmund's of Cheshire) the average generation length has been 31 years and this has continued to be the case for over 700 years. This is connected with the typical Cotton of Cotton Edmund's basic life strategy which has, generation after generation, been to take one's time in searching for a woman to mate with in an unconscious effort to find someone stable enough and capable enough to hold things together should disaster ever hit. The ordinary medieval Mallory life strategy was to mate, whenever possible, a woman with substantial resources (=land) that could eventually be brought into the family; and, then producing a family as quickly as possible, charge forward full speed in their attack on life, irregardless of the consequences, something which makes for endlessly fascinating history. Generation-3 Richard was born roughly in around 1125 and his younger brother Anketil II born roughly in around 1130. Anketil was given Tachbrook Mallory and Walton as a feudal subtenant of his older brother, indicating, when taken together with future Mallory actions in such situations, that they both had the same mother, otherwise the Tachbrook Mallory and Walton on the Wolds properties would have been inherited independently of Kirkby Mallory?s overlordship. I will deal with the chronology of this Anketil's line later, a line for which I am finding information and family connections to be rather more detailed than I would have expected. Richard continued family tradition by marrying an heiress Agnes de Novo Mercato (also, Novo Foro, and sometimes appearing in modern works as Neufmarch or Newmarket, depending on whether one prefers French or English). Agnes was the daughter of William de Novo Mercato and had two sisters, Helisanta and Geva, neither of whom had children, thus leaving her as the eventual sole heir. She brought Welton in Bedforshire, and a future claim to properties in Billesley in Warwickshire. Richard appears to have died roughly around 1175. Generation-4 The oldest son was of Richard Mallory and Agnes de Novo Mercato was Sir William Mallore, knight. (*In the English middle ages, priests were also addressed as Sir so-and-so, exactly in the same manner as a knight would be, thus necessitating the suffixing of the term "knight" to names appearing in official documents, if the person concerned was indeed a knight. Otherwise, the assumption would have been it was a priest being referred to. This distinction, as will be seen later, can be quite useful in distinguishing individuals and in tracking individual histories.) The second son of the above-mentioned couple was Sir Simon Mallore, knight. I have found interlinking court cases proving his parentage. The evidence goes beyond being circumstantial. Being a second son with a mother who brought additional estates to the family, family tradition was followed and his mother's inheritance of Welton was entailed on him as a feudal subtenant of his older brother Richard. I will deal with his line in a separate posting. The third and fourth brothers were Luke and Ralph, who became tenants of small pieces of land in Kirkby Mallory large enough for them to support themselves, but did not become a lord of a manor as William or Simon did. Whether the third or fourth brothers married or had descendants is unknown, though Ralph having been given less land later than Luke probably did not. Sir William was born roughly around 1150 and died in 1216 give or take a year. He married a woman by the name of Alice. She, too, appears to have been an heiress, though of what family I have not yet been able to find enough information about which to form a conjecture, apparently bringing the main line property and claims to property that come up in court cases that involve her future widowed daughter-in-law Cecilia Segrave in dower claims versus a local abbey. Generation-5 Richard is the only known child of Sir William and Alice. He was born about 1175 and died in 1220 (not in 1217 as appears in the Dictionary of National Biography), when the last record of him alive appears and when his widow begins three years of court cases to win full dower rights. Richard's wife was Cecilia Segrave, the younger (probably youngest) sister of Stephen Segrave, an extremely powerful person in England during the first half of the reign of Henry III. In particular, his role in Leicestershire was prominent, as this is where the original Segrave properties were and this is where he tried hardest to acquire more. There is no direct documentary proof of this marriage, but property inheritance by future generations of the Lords of the Manor of Kyrkby Mallory of lands which could have come into their hands only through her act as proof in stead. In addition to other more circumstantial evidence, this makes it certain she was the same woman who later married Gilbert Mallory of Walton on the Wold and Tachbrook Mallory. This, in turn, when considering all her children's ages, etc. means her birth could not have taken place not much before 1188 and that she did not live much beyond the last mention of her in 1281. She would have had her first child, Thomas of Generation-6, about 1203 when she was perhaps 15 or 16 at the most and her last child not very much later than 1230 when she would have been in her early 40s. Her second husband, Gilbert, was at most only two years older than her oldest son by her first marriage. What was going on? There was something in it for everyone, except her oldest son by her first husband. Gilbert got a rich wife with a powerful brother. Under English law his wife's property was his as long as she lived. Under church law he was literally considered by the church as the father of his wife's children by her first husband, thus outranking them, even though her oldest son was almost the same age and technically his feudal overlord. For Cecilia, she got a young husband and considering her feistiness and the extraordinarily long life she lived, she probably needed a younger second husband rather than an older on. As she was independently wealthy by medieval standards and church law forbid her from being forced to be remarried, her second husband was clearly 100% her choice. For Stephen Segrave, it gave him a pliant young brother-in-law with a respectable amount of land and, at no extra cost, it tied yet another branch of the Mallory family to him during years in which his power was often challenged. And, as the case turned out, it was Cecilia who survived everyone. Richard and Cecilia's oldest son was Thomas Mallory and this is fully documentable. I would place Anketil Mallory of Octon here and also a Robert Mallory who became a priest and, under Segrave influence, was given a church appointment, thus, to use the medieval term, he acquired a living. Anketil Mallory of Octon will be dealt with in a separate posting. Generation-6 Thomas was asked to be a witness in a court case that involved a grand aunt by marriage (Alice de Holewell of Welton) in 1218 and was still apparently a minor with regard to his own inheritance in 1222, which, in consideration of the common law of the time, means his likely year of birth was 1203. He died roughly around 1246. He was probably married to Christiana Segrave around 1224, who, at the time of her marriage, was not the heiress of her father, Henry Segrave, but did later become the sole heir on the death of her brother Geoffrey and thereby became the heir of her mother Isolda Euermue, who was the co-heir of her father William Euermue. Christiana's father Henry is mentioned in P.J.C. Field's work as a brother of the Justiciar of England, Cecilia Segrave's older brother Stephen. This is highly unlikely for a number of reasons. Primarily though, if she had been Stephen Segrave's niece, Christiana would have also been the niece of Thomas's mother, Cecilia. The church was far stricter in the 12th and 13th centuries in its definition of incest and permission, even for royalty, was almost never given for first cousins to marry. Even second cousins had difficulty getting church approval. Christiana could have conceivably been a second cousin, but was more likely to have been a third cousin or a fourth cousin of her husband, if there were an actual family relationship, which I tend to believe there was. The information provided by the Segrave Chartulary (which I have read both in the British Library manuscript copy and in its printed version) would, in fact, indicate it could have been possible for Christiana's father Henry to have been related to Stephen and Cecilia Segrave, but, unlike other Segraves mentioned, it does not provide any direct clue as how to Henry Segrave might be affiliated. Christiana, as mentioned before, was the sole heir of a very minor branch of the Segrave family and a co-heir of the Euermue (also, Evermo) family. She did not bring an inheritance large enough to set up a new branch when she married Richard of Kirkby Mallory, but she did bring enough to make the match respectable and is to be found as a widow involved in court cases regarding lands she held as a result of this inheritance. Thomas and Christiana had three sons, Richard (the oldest), Ralph (the second) and Henry (the youngest). The first two, in succession, inherited the Kirkby Mallory manor. Henry probably did not which is most likely why so few records concerning him survive and why (for a Mallory) his estimated age at starting a family is quite late. Generation-7 Richard, being the oldest son, inherited Kirkby Mallory first. He would have been born around 1225, held Kirkby Mallory in 1246, and was dead by 1261. He certainly married, otherwise he wouldn't have been allowed to inherit the family estates, but to whom is unknown. If he had any children, they must have passed away young. Ralph Mallory of Kirkby Mallory only appears on a record in the Chancery of the Jews as having borrowed money from a Jewish man two times in 1261. It does not seem likely he would have been able to borrow without collateral, thus my assumption that he was the lord of Kirkby Mallory from 1261 after Richard. The third son Henry first appears only once as a witness to a charter in 1254, but was the only one of many witnesses of that charter of the Earl of Leicester without any honorific attached to his name indicating he was neither a knight nor a feudal lord, meaning he certainly would not have possessed the manor of Kirkby Mallory at the time of the charter?s signing. He was probably born around 1230 and could have passed away anywhere from around 1261 to around 1275. His wife's name was Matilda. He was, in all likelihood, not in the position to attract a major heiress, so it is unlikely Matilda brought the main line any significant properties as other wives traditionally had. They had a son Thomas who may have been born as late as 1260 and who inherited Kirkby Mallory. There was also possibly a second son Robert. Thomas and his presumed brother Robert probably would not have been born later than 1261, as in this year Henry?s wife Matilda is involved a legal case, something that would have been unlikely to happen if Henry were still alive, as he would have held a life interest in his wife?s property and thus involved in the case, if she were his wife. Generation-8 Sir Thomas Mallory (or Mallore as he and most Mallorys appear in the records of the time) was the first lord of Kirkby Mallory to be knighted in four generations. Not only that, he was made a knight of the Bath at the installation of the future Edward II as Prince of Wales and was in the same company of men knighted as the last Lord la Zouche of the first creation, a man who was descended through his mother from King Henry II of England and through his father's mother from King David I of Scotland. Other records also indicate that Sir Thomas was moving in circles rather above the station in life he had been born to. How did this happen? Over a century ago, a classic study of a Yorkshire abbey included in an appendix a brief outline of the Hutton Conyers/Studley Royal Mallorys. It is there stated that the progenitor of this line, Sir Christopher Mallory was the son of a Sir Thomas Mallory and a daughter of a Baron la Zouche. While considering it unlikely, I thought all leads should be followed, so I first looked at the barons la Zouche of the second creation, the barons la Zouche of Haryngworth. Chronologically, this proved impossible in all directions if we assume a la Zouche of Harringworth to have married the only known Sir Thomas Mallory (the Sir Thomas Mallory mentioned here as Lord of Kirkby Mallory) old enough to have been Sir Christopher's father. I then looked at the barons la Zouche of the first creation and found that it would have been chronologically possible for only the second to the last baron of this creation to have had such a daughter, the last baron (the one who became a knight of the Order of the Bath on the same day as Sir Thomas) being of the same generation as Sir Thomas and most likely some years younger. Once I accepted the possibility that Sir Thomas had married a sister perhaps five or six years older than the last baron, I started looking for evidence to prove or, what I thought more likely, disprove things one way or another. Decisive proof has not been uncovered, but, until now, every new bit of circumstantial evidence that I have discovered confirms this hypothesis, gradually increasing its likelihood. We may now not only consider this marriage to have merely been possible, but to have been probable. Nevertheless, it cannot be called proven and perhaps will prove, in the end, impossible to prove to a point it could be ever be accepted by the College of Arms. If Thomas's father had died before becoming Lord of Kirkby Mallory, Thomas would have been in the custody of his Uncle Ralph who, judging from the fact that Thomas names his oldest surviving son Ralph, was the likely main father figure of Thomas's life. If so, it would have been the elder Ralph who would would have made arrangements with Lord la Zouche (or, if Lord la Zouche had died, with his heirs) for Thomas to have married what might have been Lord la Zouche's oldest child, someone who would have been born around 1268, thus anywhere from eight to fifteen years younger than Thomas. The life strategy of the la Zouche's, like that of many other upperclass familys, appears to have been to give younger sons a good education and to use family influence to get them started, but then to more or less abandon them to make it on their own. Daughters were given nothing at all after their marriage settlement, except the important right of their children being considered extended family. Only if there were no sons, did the position of daughters change and then quite radically. The second to the last lord la Zouche had two sons who gave every promise of living to adulthood and the Mallorys of Kirkby Mallory, if Ralph Mallory did, indeed, arrange such a marriage for his nephew must have paid for the honor, even if the payment were indirect. The arrangements of such a marriage, indeed any marriage, have unfortunately not survived. A stronger case exists for yet another daughter (probably the youngest) of the second to the last Baron la Zouche of the first creation marrying Henry de Boketon, the ancestor of the Greene family into which the Mallorys later intermarry. This family's relative social position was at the time no better than that of the Kirkby Mallory branch of the Mallory family and strengthens the argument that the baron la Zouche (or, if dead, which very well might have been the case, their guardian) of that generation was not particularly worried whom his daughters married as long as it was a family that had property and he didn't have to part with any significant family possessions to pay for the marriage. However, at the death of the second to the last Lord la Zouche of the first creation, his two sons Alan (the elder) and Roger (the younger), being minors, were taken to live at the court where their education proceeded under the general oversight of King Edward I, himself, who was a second cousin of the boys' grandmother. The man chosen to look after the boys' education on a day to day basis was a certain William Mallory who appears to have been of Walton and Tachbrook Mallory, being the youngest half brother of Sir Thomas Mallory's grandfather, the Thomas Mallory of generation six who was the oldest son of Cecilia Seagrave by her first husband. William Mallory would have been a little more than 50 at the time of his employment by Edward I to look after the two la Zouche teenage boys. Things do not end here. Another Mallory, perhaps William's son, is employed by Edward I as one of the caretakers of the king's falcons. The connections then tighten. The wife of the last baron la Zouche is a daughter of the Baron Segrave and a third cousin of Sir Thomas. Sir Thomas and the last baron la Zouche are not only knighted at the same time, but also become companions in arms in the wars of King Edward II. Furthermore, around 1303, the la Zouche connections allowed the then heir of the Mallorys of Walton and Tachbrook Mallory to make a profitable marriage with the widow of a junior branch of the soon to become barons la Zouche of Haryngworth. The last baron la Zouche of the first creation died in 1314 with three daughters as co-heirs, two of whom married. However, the la Zouche connection was not broken. If anything, it became dramatically stronger in succeeding generations, both among the descendants of the two co-heirs, as well as among the new barons la Zouche of Haryngworth (the barons la Zouche of the second creation). That, though, will be touched on later. Sir Thomas Mallory of generation-8, thus, was probably born around 1260, was probably married to a daughter of Roger, baron la Zouche, and died around 1317, not so many years after his companion in arms and associate, Alan, the last baron la Zouche. His wife's name is not known and, unfortunately, no record has been found which would even make it possible to take an educated guess. Generation-9 In Japanese, the number nine is sometimes avoided because it has the same sound as the first element of the word meaning painful, tedious, work. Indeed, this particular generation has been that for me, both for the relative abundance of the surviving records and because they are so uninformative as to actual relationships. Sir Thomas had two children whose identification as such we can be certain of. One is his oldest surviving child, Ralph, and the other is what would have been a second son, Robert. He may have had a third son, Roger, who appears to chronologically correct and a fourth son, Henry, but I have not checked this man's wife's family to the extent that I can categorically state he would fit better as a son of Sir Thomas or as a grandson, being a second son of Ralph. Considering what happens latter in Mallory history, Sir Christopher Mallory fits best either as the youngest son of Sir Thomas Mallory or, if not there, as the oldest son of Sir Thomas's second son, Robert Mallory. The first alternative, though, is, considering the present state of available knowledge, the better one. Ralph Mallory was born roughly around 1288 which might indicate that, if his mother were a la Zouche, the marriage took place perhaps a year or so after her presumed father had died and that perhaps the woman's guardian was anxious to get rid of the responsibility of taking care of a nubile teenager. Like his father, Ralph was knighted, but unlike his father he was also a member of parliament as a county representative. His wife's name was Margaret. They appear to have had two children who survived, Anketil and Margery, who were certainly brother and sister. There may been another son by the name of Ralph who is made mention of as possessing Kirkby Mallory in the year it is given away by Sir Ralph Mallory?s presumed son Anketil, but more about that later. Also, the Henry mentioned under generation-8 appeared with Anketil as an executor of Sir Ralph's will and this may indicate that he, too, was a son of Sir Ralph and not a brother. There must have been other children of Sir Ralph?s who didn't survive, as will be clear later. Sir Ralph died in 1339 when Anketil Mallory succeeded to the lordship of the manor of Kirkby Mallory. This particular Anketil (there are, unfortunately, others to complicate the picture) was, in his own way, one of the most charmingly extraordinary eccentrics of the 14th century, so it with particular regret that I have not yet found any records that actually state Sir Ralph (or anyone, for that matter) was his father, though the chronology makes it virtually impossible for him not to have been. He will be covered further on as a part of my coverage of the next generation. Sir Ralph's younger brother Robert made as good a marriage as could be expected for a younger son when there were no knew estates being brought in by an heiress mother large enough to justify hiving off to start new junior branches of the main line possessing their own manors. He married Ala Brocket, the daughter of Thomas Brocket and, if the Papworth St Agnes Mallorys descend from this marriage, either the daughter of Sir William Papworth I of Papworth St. Agnes or, if not him, the only child of his next full brother or, if not this, the only child, of his only full sister. It is easier to think of this unnamed woman as Sir William Papworth's child. Ala's mother was not an heiress at the time of her marriage or during her lifetime. Ala, herself, was different. She was the heiress of Thomas Brocket who was the heir of a certain Thomas Marshal who held fairly considerable lands as a free tenant of Kirkby Mallory and an otherwise unknown Broket heiress who apparently held a much smaller property in Kirkby Mallory. It would have been in honor of this otherwise unknown Broket heiress that her son took the mother's name and means she would have been a second wife of her husband who, at least with regard to Kirkby Mallory, had far more substantial possessions. Thomas Broket's ancestry on his father side can be traced with a fair degree of certainty to around 1200, if considered on its own, but, in terms of chronology and propinquity, would fit in quite nicely as a junior branch of the Marshal family that produced the Earls of Pembroke. Time being at a premium, though, I have not had a chance to assess fully the probability of this, so it must remain a very tentative statement. There is proof positive that Robert and Ala had two sons, John and Robert, jr. who will be covered in the next generation. There was a second Anketil Mallory who was an exact contemporary of the Anketil Mallory who was the lord of Kirkby Mallory. He fits in best as a son of Robert Mallory and Ala Brocket, but this can not be proven by documentary evidence, even though circumstantial evidence points in this direction, as there is a highly significant overlap in associates that can be proven to be his in Leicestershire and the known associates of the Mallorys of Kirkby Mallory and the Marshal?s of Kirkby Mallory. This second Anketil will be covered under the next generation, also. Robert, himself was born roughly around 1295 and died before 1345. His wife Ala was born around 1300 and died after 1345. Henry who may either fit here as the son of Sir Thomas or, in the next generation, as a second surviving son of Sir Ralph married well and, in his wife's right, was the lord of a small manor in Leicestershire, though he does not appear to have left any male descendants. Henry appears to have been knighted but I hesitate to offer even rough dates of birth and death. Lastly, Sir Christopher Mallory should probably be placed here as the youngest surviving child of Sir Thomas Mallory and the daughter of the baron la Zouche, being born around 1310. His career appears to be closely tied to that of the second Anketil Mallory, however, whom I will provisionally consider as Anketil son of Robert, and their descendants seem to have maintained relations for some generations afterwards, so we cannot automatically preclude that the two were brothers. What is absolutely clear, though, is that neither ever had a claim to the lordship of Kirkby Mallory, as neither took legal proceedings to stop its alienation from Mallory hands in 1461 had they been legal heirs which is something English common law would have permitted them to do had they been heirs. I will, therefore, considering the obvious la Zouche connection they had in common, discuss Sir Christopher's rise from obscurity along with that of Anketil son of Robert when discussing the chronology of the next generation. Generation-10 The Anketil Mallory who inherited Kirkby Mallory in 1339 cannot be a brother of Sir Ralph Mallory because it appears he lived till 1404. Neither can he be the same person as his exact contemporary of the same name, because this Anketil was a priest, whereas the other became one of the king's knights at the beginning of the reign of King Richard II. At the time of his becoming lord of the manor, Anketil the son of Ralph was the parson of the Church of Thurleston in co. Leicester and, even after becoming lord of the manor in 1339, he remained parson of this church until 1361. Being a priest, though, meant that, even though he was not a knight, he was addressed as Sir Anketil, priests being given the same prefix of courtesy as knights during the middle ages. For precisely this reason, in official documents, if a person were a knight, this word was uniformly suffixed to a person's name. Thus the lord of Kirkby Mallory only once appears in an official document with such an honorific suffixed and that is certainly by mistake. Anketil's name, as lord of the manor at which the legal document had been drawn up, happened to come first in a list that included a real knight being listed immediately after him, so the word "knights" was suffixed, most likely in error, at the end of the second person's name to refer to both of them. In no other instance, is the word knight to be found suffixed to his name and there are many instances in which this unusual man left his trace. Anketil the priest must have been born a younger son, otherwise he would not have been given an education or sent to study at Oxford University. Apparently, he fell in love with higher education and developed a life-long passion for furthering its advance. His unknown older brother would have been born roughly around 1310 and Anketil the priest around 1315. The older brother must have lived till the mid to late 1330s for Anketil to have made it undisturbed into the priesthood. He did become a priest, though, was assigned a church in Leicestershire, and then suddenly found himself in the position of also being the lord of a manor at the center of a sizable network of feudal obligations. In 1347, Anketil the priest, probably as a marriage settlement on his sister, deeded her the Segrave inheritance which would have been brought to the Mallorys by Cecilia de Segrave almost 150 years before and perhaps some of that her brought by daughter-in-law Christiana de Segrave 20 years afterwards. In 1351, he used his position as patron of the church of Kirkby Mallory to make Robert Mallory, most likely his Uncle Robert's son, parson. In 1353, the position is again open and he uses his position to appoint a young university graduate (most likely Oxford) who is said to have later made a name for himself as a cleric. By 1361, when many if not most of those Anketil had been close to as a young man had passed away due to the Black Death of 1349 and latter less severe recurrences of the plague, and, considering the general violence of the times in which he lived, he too had reached an age at which considered it prudent to make a final settlement of his estates. Thinking of his own mortality and apparently not feeling particularly close to any of his ultimate heirs (neices, probably, which would have meant partitioning the family estates), he did something unheard of. In 1361, except for a certain number of estates not feudally dependent on Kirkby Mallory, he deeded Kirkby Mallory and all property rights associated with this manor to the Abbey of St. Mary de Pratis of Leicestershire, in return for which they were required to fund forever two scholars of their order (one of whom was to be a chaplain) to do university study at Oxford University and, if not at Oxford, then at Cambridge. The Abbey was overwhelmed with the offer and several bishops involved themselves in implementing the terms of his endowment. This was literally one of the first, if not the first time, in English history that an endowment fund was created by a private person to fund a university scholarship. Out of gratitude, and considering his for-the-time-in-which-he-lived advanced age of perhaps 55 or 56, the abbey arranged for a transfer of the parson of the church of Kirkby Mallory and installed Anketil the priest as the new parson. He surprised everyone, but probably himself most by living till 1404 when the Abbey was finally able to appoint Anketil's successor. As for Kirkby Mallory, itself, it appears that the Abbey, by what sort of tenure is impossible to say, set up yet another Ralph Mallory to manage the manor for them. Even a government survey of 1428 mentions Kirkby Mallory as having been lately held of him and that homage for it was due his heirs. This could mean many things. It could refer to the old Anketil, himself, which I think it might. Or it might refer to an otherwise unknown Anketil son of Ralph. What is clear, though, is that by 1428, the senior most line of Kirkby Mallory had daughtered out, though in exactly what manner is not at all clear. Perhaps the property assigned to Anketil the priest?s sister Margery might mean that his presumed brother Ralph was not expected to have children or it might have been meant as part of a marriage settlement and that the Ralph Mallory who appears only once in 1461 did have descendants, but that the survivors were female only. His uncle Robert's children or the children of any sibling of the preceding generation?s Sir Ralph, even if Kirkby Mallory had not been turned into a university scholarship endowment, certainly not in direct line of inheritance to Kirkby Mallory in 1361 and probably at no time afterwards. In any case and as mentioned before, there is no record of them having ever voiced any opposition legally to the actions taken. More importantly, perhaps, they didn't need to worry about an inheritance. The la Zouche connection had already kicked in yet again to save the day. Robert and Ala certainly had a son John who was born around 1318 and was apparently the successor to Robert's lands in Kirkby Mallory. Anketil could very well have been a second son born around, let's say, 1321, though there is no proof to that effect. Robert, jr. was probably a third son, born roughly around 1325 and is most likely the one Anketil the priest made the rector of the church of Kirkby Mallory in 1351. It is likely that both Anketil and Robert both were intended for the church and that Anketil the priest sent them both to Oxford to be properly trained for that purpose. Anketil the possible son of Robert clearly profited by his education as he was later to be described by the Archbishop William la Zouche as being lettered, meaning he had a thorough knowledge of Latin and an understanding of philosophy, something that could only come to people as a part of training for either the priesthood, law, or medicine. Anketil's future life, though, shows that he did not appreciate the idea of becoming a priest and that he had no particular interest in either law or medicine. Soon enough found a way out of higher education through the help of William la Zouche, the priest mentioned immediately above, who was also one of the most extraordinary government finance officials and most successful generals of his time. To understand the connections, though, we must retrogress a bit. The la Zouche's of Haryngworth had made a series of very advantageous marriages to rich heiresses and had become barons, too, upon the title of the barons la Zouche going into abeyance among co-heiresses. The future Archbishop was a second son of the first baron la Zouche of Haryngworth and was born around 1300. The third brother's name was Roger. The two brothers were very close, but their names were exactly the same as two of their first cousins. When their cousins' lands were forfeited upon becoming outlaws, the lands reverted to the baron la Zouche of Haryngworth as next heir who then gave these lands to his third son of the same name as the dispossessed la Zouche, a fact which has been the source of confusion for historians for the last 600 years. It took many hours of tedious searching to find the contemporary documents which clarified things, but I did and this is why what is being written here is different from what you will probably read elsewhere. The second son was educated for the priesthood, but showed excellent financial management skills. He did undergraduate and then graduate study at the university, then entered the king's service where he was attached to the king's chancery, rising fairly rapidly. By 1339 William la Zouche had already been the equivalent to the King's finance minister and was made the dean of St. Peter's, York, which meant he was acting as the king's agent in the management of northern England. He arranged in that same year for Nicholas de la Beche, knight, to "give" (this word should hardly ever be taken literally in a medieval text) him one third of the huge manor of Sudborough. The "gift" consisted 12 pieces of building land, 2 mills, 4 carucates of land (anywhere from 240 to 720 acres, depending on local circumstances), 20 acres of meadow, 1000 acres of pasture, 100 acres of wood and £6 per annum in rents (roughly £60,000 per annum in present day currency). Significantly, one of the witnesses is John Mallore. This was probably the John Mallore who was the son of Julia who was William's aunt by marriage (her first husband was the before-mentioned Roger la Zouche whose sons became outlawed). Julia's second husband had been Reginald Mallory of Walton and Tachbrook Mallory. The only other likely possibility would have been John, the son of the Robert Mallory who was the brother of Sir Ralph Mallory, but though a bit less likely can not be automatically discounted. In 1342 William la Zouche was elected, against the king's wishes, Archbishop of York, and, though for a time quite angry, eventually the king accepted that things could not be changed. Anketil was, if my assumption that he was a son of the above-mentioned Robert is correct, a second cousin once removed of the Archbishop, his father being a second cousin. He apparently abandoned his studies, whatever they were, and attached himself to the Archbishop's court, as did, it appears, Christopher whom I assume to be the son of Sir Thomas and brother of Robert. Being away from his family power base in Leicestershire, even a second cousin (Christopher) or a second cousin once removed (Anketil), would have appeared much more closely related and, therefore, reliable than they would have in normal circumstances. Sir Christopher was soon found a rich Yorkshire heiress to marry, something inconceivable had he not had the Archbishop's sponsorship as heirs and heiresses of family fortunes at that time were not allowed to marry for love. They were required to marry for either family benefit or for the benefit of their guardian, if their father were dead. Christopher, not bringing any property into his marriage, had to have brought in something more profitable than money which, realistically could have only one thing, the Archbishop's good will. For Anketil who was probably a bit more than 20 years younger than the Archbishop and who pleased the Archbishop greatly because he was highly educated, the Archbishop had other things in mind. He gave him his sister (most certainly his youngest sister Thomasina who would have been born in the early 1320s, though the sister immediately above her in age Isabella cannot be completely ruled out). He is also said to have deeded the young man his Sudborough property around 1345, calling him his "brother" in the document concerned. However, this does not explain everything. Other Mallorys are also involved in Sudborough in the 1350s and 1360s, including a John Mallory and a William Mallory. I have not yet had a chance to locate the original documents (if they still exist) and transcribe them. As Sir Thomas Mallory of Papworth St Agnes (the man who is at the core of my study in England) was the great grandson of the Anketil whom the Archbishop married his sister to and as he only inherited 50 acres of the Sudborough estate, much more must have gone on concerning the original acquisition the Archbishop made than has managed to reach printed secondary sources. The originals, without question, must be found and carefully analyzed to gain a better understanding of both the genealogical and wider historical issues involved. Anketil, the assumed son of Robert, was, thus probably born around 1321. He probably married around 1345 Thomasina la Zouche, probably the youngest child out of 10 children of the first Baron la Zouche of Haryngworth, but certainly the youngest daughter and Sudborough can be seen as part of that marriage settlement. He may have participated in a war against Scotland the Archbishop organized, paid for, and successfully generalled on behalf of King Edward III. By the time the Archbishop himself died in 1352. Anketil had two known children, a son generally known either as Anketin or Antony in the official record and a daughter, Ala, who Sudborough property transactions would indicate had married Thomas Green around 1360 (a child marriage as, judging from the fact that her oldest surviving son was born around 1370, it was unlikely she would not have been very much older than 12 in that year). Through this marriage she was the ancestress of the Catherine Parr, the sixth and last queen of Henry VIII. Anketil does not appear to have been a particularly good property manager as he used his Sudborough properties disadvantageously in 1358 to pay off a debt and by 1360 he is willing to give up at least part (if not all) of his property holdings in Sudborough to Thomas Green. Whatever his reasons for acting as he did, Anketil soon entered the household of the Prince of Wales who had, assuming Sir Thomas of Kirkby Mallory's marriage with the daughter of Baron la Zouche is correct, conveniently married the widow of Anketil?s second cousin, Lord Holland, and had become the stepfather of Lord Holland?s children. The Black Death had decimated England in 1349, meaning that, even though he was only a second cousin of the father of the Prince of Wales's two stepsons, that, plus his somewhat distant royal descent (again, assuming Anketil was Robert Mallory's son and Robert was the son of a daughter of Lord la Zouche), was enough for him to be considered as closely allied to the royal family. This assumption is strengthened since, when Richard II ascended the throne in 1377, Anketil was almost immediately knighted becoming one of the king's knights, probably in recognition of his relationship with the king's half-brothers. Moreover, his daughter Ala?s father-in-law, Sir Henry Green, was Lord Chief Justice of England, while Ala?s husband and her husband?s brother both played important roles at court and in government, though it was Ala?s husband?s brother who was Richard II's favorite. Significantly, if the la Zouche connection of Ala?s father-in-law can also be accepted, he was not only Anketil?s second cousin, but, like Anketil, a second cousin of the king?s brothers, as well as being distantly connected to the King, himself, by the blood royal of England and Scotland. One year later, in 1378, Sir Anketil's son, Anketin, marries Alice de Driby, the widowed lady Basset of Sapcote, one of the richest women in England, a woman who had been helping Lady Wake, the grand aunt of the future Henry IV, raise the future king and his two sisters at her chief seat, Castle Bytham, which her husband Lord Basset had given her for life before his death. The relations thus established in earliest childhood between the future king, Alice's daughter by Lord Basset and her daughter's husband Lord Grey of Codnor (a child marriage on both parts) were, in the coming century, to affect strongly not only the history of the children Alice was to bear Anketin Mallory century but also to have a profound effect on English history as a whole. Sir Anketil was given various pensions by the government of Richard II for no particular reason other than people liked him and certainly not because of his son?s marriage. In 1384 he passed away. His pensions are passed on to others gradually with the process lasting until 1390, thus giving the impression that he lived longer than he did. Generation-11 After all the difficulties and unsatisfactory complications of generation-10, generation-11 comes as a relief. Ala Mallory, having already been dealt with briefly and not of central importance to a simple chronology can be dealt with very briefly. She was probably born around 1348, but could have been born as late as 1353 if she were married in 1360, as the age of consent for a marriage arranged by one's parents was seven years in the English middle ages and the Black Death of 1349 scared many parents of the last of half of the 14th century into marrying off their children, especially if it were an heiress, at extremely early ages for even the middle ages when taken as a whole. Ala?s oldest son was born in 1370 which means she must have lived some years later for her to have born a younger son to whom part or all of her Sudborough property would descend and also means that the daughter of Sir John Mablethorpe cannot be the ancestress of the Green's Norton family in spite of that having been the assumption of the father of Catherine Parr who was married to a co-heiress of the Green estates. The Greene?s did possess Mablethorpe which had originally been owned by the Mablethorpes, but the Parrs entered into their marriage alliance with the Greenes approximately 150 years after Ala?s own marriage and it can be shown that the Greenes had not possessed the Manor of Mablethorp at any time during the 14th century when it was held by another family. The only explanation is that it was an early 15th century purchase, a fact that had been forgotten after almost 100 years of tenure. Anketin was probably born around the same time as his wife Alice de Driby, both of whom seem to have been born very roughly around 1345. He was her third and last husband. She was probably his only wife, as his father seems to have been too improvident for him to have made an advantageous marriage before Richard II came to the throne and medieval Mallory men all seemed to implicitly believe in living as full a life as possible but, before doing so, to marry as rich as possible. The couple married without permission from the king and had to pay a £100 fine. In present day currency that represents approximately £100,000. That they were able to pay this fine off within a year shows that Alice was both wealthy and an excellent financial manager, something medieval Mallory men don't seem to have been particularly good at. Anketin was knighted by 1382 and entrusted by the King's government with an active role in the government of Lincolnshire. As the property his wife inherited from her father and mother was all in Leicestershire, he established a business relationship with William Palmer, a Leicestershire lawyer and businessman who was the father of Thomas Palmer, a man who was to play a very prominent role in the lives of Anketin's son, William and his grandson Thomas. Sir Anketin and Alice had four children who survived to adulthood, each of whom has left numerous descendants, including Thomas who was the expected heir of Alice, William for whom Sir Anketin arranged that his father's second cousin (my assumption explained as above) Sir William Papworth leave his properties of Papworth St. Agnes, Shelton, etc., Beatrice who was the wife of a fairly important 15th century general Sir John Bagot of Staffordshire and Margery who married Sir Robert Moton of Peckleton in Leicestershire the head of a family that had been close to not only the Mallorys of Kirkby Mallory from at least the end of the 12th century, but also for equally long periods of time with the Marshals of Kirkby Mallory and the Bassets of Sapcote. When Anketin died in 1393, his only property consisted of his personal effects. He willed his best suit of armour to his oldest son Thomas and his second best suit of armour to his other remaining son William. He requested his wife to pay any debts he might have and asked her to bury him in a chapel they had both been involved in the building of. Alice never married again. In her will she set aside money to have prayers said for the souls of herself and her three husbands, Sir Robert Tuchet, Ralph Lord Basset of Sapcote and William Mallory. However, she requested to be buried as closely as possible to William. What probably started off as a fairly typical medieval Mallory quest for a rich heiress became a love story, a romance transcended the grave. Generation-12 In addition to the four children Alice de Driby had by Sir Anketin, she also had a daughter by her second husband, Elizabeth Basset, who has already been mentioned in passing. Elizabeth was married to one of King Henry IV?s most trusted generals and whom he treated with the same honor as a family member, Richard Grey, the Baron Grey of Codnor, the general Henry IV used to retake Wales from Owen Glendower and later to pacify it. Elizabeth was the oldest of her mother?s children and seems to have take a quasi-maternal interest in her youngest brother William Mallory and his children. Time and again, what happens in their subsequent histories can be most economically explained if assume Elizabeth had been working in the background. That, though, should become clearer as things unfold in their proper order. Sir Thomas was not yet a teenager when his father Sir Anketin passed away. Around the age of 18 his mother arranged for his being knighted and his early marriage to a woman whose name has not yet been satisfactorily identified. This made him legally of age even though he was not yet 21. He had one daughter Elizabeth (would Lady Grey of Codnor have been the Godmother?) who survived to live to adulthood and, as Alice de Driby's primary heir, was to marry respectably and reproduce. She has numerous descendants alive today. Sir William had been the object of an entail made by Sir William de Papworth of Papworth St. Agnes while his father was alive. Sir William de Papworth's next legal heir was, after Sir Anketin, Sir Anketin's son Thomas. Following a Mallory tradition going back to the separation of Walton from Kirkby Mallory, then Welton from Kirkby Mallory, then generation after generation arranging that younger sons had at least some property on which to live if the were no new manor available to be assigned, Sir Anketin persuaded his cousin to entail his manor to Anketin's son, William, rather than on his oldest son Thomas who would have been Sir William de Papworth?s next heir after Sir Anketin, himself. It would appear that young William Mallory, if not the elderly (for the times!) Sir William Papworth's godson, must have at least been his namesake. When Sir Anketin died, William Mallory was only six years old and his only inheritance was his father's second best suit of armour. Alice de Driby would have had control over her sons as her second husband (Lord Basset of Sapcote, the father of their daughter, Elizabeth, Lady Grey of Codnor) had been her feudal overlord and she then came to possess his properties for life as his widow under the terms of their marriage settlement. In feudal terms, her oldest son was her heir only, his father having been landless, and she was her own immediate feudal superior. Unlike most women of her age, she was in a position both to maintain her independence and to profit from it. In practice, she would have shared custody of her second son William with Sir William de Papworth and his marriage would have been a matter for William and Alice de Papworth (Sir William de Papworth's second wife) to decide. In 1408, Sir William de Papworth made a final settlement on William Mallory which also means he would have been married to a woman of William and Alice de Papworth's choice and probably a near relation of Alice de Papworth's (perhaps a neice). Unfortunately, we do not know Alice de Papworth's maiden name and have no way of identifying, even tentatively, what family William Mallory's first wife belonged to. They had at least one daughter Margaret who would have been born within a year or two of their marriage, say 1410. There may have been other children, but no record of them exists. Possibly Anne Mallory could be a child of this marriage, though it is equally possible she could be a child of William Mallory's second marriage or even his third one. In 1412 his mother died leaving him a portion of her movable property. In 1414, Sir William de Papworth passed away and in 1416 his wife Alice. In 1418 at the age of 32 he left England to fight in the French Wars. As he had not done that when he was younger, this might possibly indicate yet another death, that of his wife, and a desire to escape for awhile painful memories. For reasons that will be clear later, his daughter Margaret probably went into the care of his half-sister, the Lady Grey of Codnor. Sometime by around mid-1421 he remarried Margaret a newly widowed Shropshire woman whose husband had been Robert Corbet of Corbet Moreton, a former member of parliament as a county representative. Margaret was certainly a daughter of John Burley, a prominent Shropshire lawyer and politician, who, together with William Mallory's brother-in-law, the Lord Grey of Codnor, and the crown prince, the future Henry V, had been prominent in the prosecution of the Welsh wars at the beginning of Henry IV's reign. Nowhere is Margaret being John Burley?s daughter actually stated in documents of any age. However, during the first year of Henry IV's reign, John Burley was granted the marriage of Robert Corbet but not the wardship of the child's of his property which remained with Robert Corbet's immediate feudal overlord. In the feudal system of the time, two rights could be possessed separately with regard to minors, the right of wardship of a minor's property and the right of marriage. The right of marriage meant that, in order to receive possession of one's property, one had to marry the person chosen for him or her by the person who held that right. To put this in different words, if a person were stubborn, a person could easily come of age, yet still not gain possession of one's property. Significantly, John Burley later put out the money to buy the right of wardship to Robert Corbet's property, thus possessing both rights. Since the possession of the net profits of the property one held wardship over could be quite profitable, this right, also, vis-a-vis minors was a commodity which could be sometimes bought and sold at quite high prices, but normally not by itself a person could be sue for fiscal irresponsibility when the heir arrived of age. The right of marriage, thus, trumped the right of wardship of a minor?s property. We can thus assume that what happened was that Robert Corbet agreed to marry the person John Burley had in mind for him and that this person was quite special to John, so special it prompted him to pay for the right to the wardship of the property, too, so that he could keep it well protected for this object of his affections. This female who was to be Robert Corbet?s wife can most economically be assumed as his daughter. Around 1414 Robert Corbet uses the help of John Burley's son William Burley to make a life grant of the Corbet Manor of Shawbury to Margaret as her dower. Robert Corbet was of age, married, in full possession of his properties, manifestly in love with his wife, and quickly producing a quite large family. Like his presumed father-in-law who passed away in 1415 he became a member of parliament as a county representative and seems on his way to rise higher. Then, by early 1421 he passes away and Margaret is a widow at a time when William Mallory has returned from France and is looking for a second wife. It is here we can see the influence of Lady Grey of Codnor, William Mallory's half-sister, for her now dead husband had been a distant relative of Lord Grey of Ruthin (a west country peer) who was the brother-in-law of John Burley who was the husband of his sister. During the Welsh wars at the beginning of the century the three men had cooperated with each other closely in the prosecution of the war. Moreover, Lord Grey of Ruthin had properties in Huntingdonshire quite close to where William Mallory also had properties. She was ideally placed to know a rich young widow of a family closely allied to hers was available for marriage and that she had a younger brother with property and of equal social status who could fill that role. Also, there would have been other contacts between Lady Grey of Codnor's son who now sat in the House of Lords and John Burley?s son, William Burley, who regularly sat in the House of Commons as a county representative from Shropshire. For like William Mallory, William Burley would have been accustomed from childhood to the presence of peers and dealing with them, as in the house of Lords, was a baron who was his mother's brother, another who was her first cousin, and two earls and a duke who were her second cousins. In any case, news travelled from Shropshire in Western England to Cambridgeshire in the east very fast and two well-connected individuals, each having children yet also having more than enough money to support their own independence in style, married each other of their own free will. The only child which can be proven to be of this marriage is the future Thomas Mallory of Papworth St. Agnes, esq. who was born December 6, 1425. However, I have reason to believe there was yet another child by the name of Robert who later became the Lieutenant of the Constable of the Tower of London, even though others, notably P.J.C. Field, whose work I admire, thinks this Robert might be the son of Sir Thomas Mallory of Newbold Revel. It appears that in 1425 William's daughter Margaret, who would have been around 14 or 15 years of age, was married to a young lawyer from a respected Leicestershire family with good prospects. His name was Thomas Palmer, the oldest surviving son of William Palmer, a man associated with William's father Sir Anketin and with his mother Alice de Driby in various business dealings. Margaret bore her husband twin daughters who survived both their parents and she died by 1429 when Thomas Palmer made a marriage settlement on yet another young wife of good family, though in the popular religion of the times and according to the actual doctrines of the church, his relationship as a "son" of Sir William Mallory and a "nephew" of Lady Grey of Codnor remained unchanged. In 1430, perhaps affected by his daughter's death and needing yet another escape from painful memories, Sir William Mallory returned to fight in the French wars. In 1434 he was involved in a court case being accused, with help of his second stepson the future Sir Roger Corbet, of vandalizing another's property in Cambridgeshire. In the mid-1340s his oldest stepson, having married an apparently distant cousin by the name of Ancareta Burley, took possession of those properties of his father not held by his mother in dower and, probably through the influence of William Burley, became a member of parliament one time before passing away. In 1439 Sir William Mallory's wife Margaret also passed away and, not used to living without a wife, Sir William soon remarried to a woman named Margery. Nothing is known about this woman other than she outlived him and is assigned her dower in 1445. She had probably passed away, though, when her stepson Thomas Mallory came in full possession of his properties in 1451, as there is no record of properties she held in dower coming to him, something which would happened if she had lived that long since her dower lands would have been part of those lands her husband had held directly of the king and subject to fairly careful record keeping by the treasury.	MALORY, Sir Thomas (I22149)
3149	Sent to Hungary, away from Canute and married the daughter of the Emperor, Henry II. Died leaving issue. {Burke's Peerage}	SAXON, Edward "the Exile" (I6815)
3150	Sent to Muller's Orphanage in Bristol.	MILLINER, Mary Elizabeth (I1024)

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